Chapter 7: Formation and Treatment of Names
Article 33. Subsequent spellings.
33.1. Kinds of subsequent spellings. A subsequent spelling of a name, if different from the original spelling [Art. 32.1], is either an emendation [Art. 33.2], or an incorrect subsequent spelling [Art. 33.3], or a mandatory change [Art. 34].
33.2. Emendations. Any demonstrably intentional change in the original spelling of a name other than a mandatory change is an "emendation", except as provided in Article 33.4.
33.2.1. A change in the original spelling of a name is only to be interpreted as "demonstrably intentional" when in the work itself, or in an author's (or publisher's) corrigenda, there is an explicit statement of intention, or when both the original and the changed spelling are cited and the latter is adopted in place of the former, or when two or more names in the same work are treated in a similar way.
33.2.2. The correction of an incorrect original spelling in accordance with Article 32.5 is a "justified emendation", and the name thus corrected retains the authorship and date of the original spelling [Art. 19.2].
33.2.3. Any other emendation is an "unjustified emendation"; the name thus emended is available and it has its own author and date and is a junior objective synonym of the name in its original spelling; it enters into homonymy and can be used as a substitute name, but
33.2.3.1. when an unjustified emendation is in prevailing usage and is attributed to the original author and date it is deemed to be a justified emendation.
Example. Because Helophorus, an unjustified emendation by Illiger (1801) of Elophorus Fabricius, 1775, is in prevailing use in the Coleoptera and attributed to Fabricius, it is deemed to be a justified emendation; the name Helophorus Fabricius, 1775 is to be maintained as the correct spelling.
33.3. Incorrect subsequent spellings. Any subsequent spelling of a name different from the correct original spelling, other than a mandatory change or an emendation, is an "incorrect subsequent spelling"; it is not an available name and, like an incorrect original spelling [Art. 32.4], it does not enter into homonymy and cannot be used as a substitute name, but
33.3.1. when an incorrect subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage and is attributed to the publication of the original spelling, the subsequent spelling and attribution are to be preserved and the spelling is deemed to be a correct original spelling.
Example. The specific name in Trypanosoma brucii Plummer & Bradford, 1899 is in prevailing usage but is spelled brucei; brucei is deemed to be correct and its use is to be maintained.
33.4. Use of -i for -ii and vice versa, and other alternative spellings, in subsequent spellings of species-group names. The use of the genitive ending -i in a subsequent spelling of a species-group name that is a genitive based upon a personal name in which the correct original spelling ends with -ii, or vice versa, is deemed to be an incorrect subsequent spelling, even if the change in spelling is deliberate; the same rule applies to the endings -ae and -iae, -orum and -iorum, and -arum and -iarum.
Example. The subsequent use by Waterhouse of the spelling bennettii for the name established as Macropus bennetti Waterhouse, 1837 does not make the subsequent spelling an available name even if the act was intentional.
33.5. Cases of doubt. In any case of doubt whether a different subsequent spelling is an emendation or an incorrect subsequent spelling, it is to be treated as an incorrect subsequent spelling (and therefore unavailable), and not as an emendation.
Preamble | Articles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 | Glossary Appendices Constitution
| FranciscoWelterSchultes | Art. 33.2.3.1. should be removed, including the Helophorus example. The term "prevailing usage" is not defined (mainly because it would be almost impossible to give a definition). Any article in the Code should have a solid and well defined base. The Helophorus example is extremely bad because the correct spelling of this name was fixed by the Commission in Opinion 1724, so it cannot be taken as an example for a regular application of Art. 33.2.3.1. |
2009-10-20 14:01:01 | ||
| FranciscoWelterSchultes | Art. 33.3.1. should be removed, including the Trypanosoma brucii example. The term "prevailing usage" is not defined (mainly because it would be almost impossible to give a definition). Any article in the Code should have a solid and well defined base. The Trypanosoma brucii example is extremely bad because the correct spelling of this name was fixed by the Commission in Opinion 1484, so it cannot be taken as an example for a regular application of Art. 33.3.1. |
2009-10-20 14:02:25 | ||
| FranciscoWelterSchultes | Art 33.3 should be modified. It is totally unclear and undefined where the limit must be set between a subsequent spelling and a new name. The Glossary is not helpful either. This is the more important since early zoological works rarely contained references to previous work were names were established. An emendation is better defined because there, both names must have been cited. My proposal: "33.3. Any name regarded as a subsequent spelling must have been used for subjectively (from the point of view of the author who used the name) the same animals as the original name. If deviating from the original spelling, the modification spelling must be of a minor degree, and the resulting name must not have a different meaning than the original name. A change in the gender of a genus-group name does not automatically create a new name, if used for basically the same species. Any subsequent spelling of a name different from the correct original spelling, other than a mandatory change or an emendation, is an "incorrect subsequent spelling"; it is not an available name and, like an incorrect original spelling [Art. 32.4], it does not enter into homonymy and cannot be used as a substitute name, but ..." (...) A number of examples should be added to illustrate the outlines of interpretation of this article, particularly the limit between a new name and a subsequent use of a name. Examples: Margaritana Schumacher, 1817 (Bivalvia) is not an incorrect subsequent spelling for Margaritifera Schumacher, 1815, because the modification in the ending was not a minor change, both names have a slightly different meaning. Recorded incorrect subsequent spellings with only minor changes in characters and endings for Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799 (Gastropoda) are Lymnaeus, Lymneus , Lymnoeus, Lymnea, Lymnoea, Lymnula, Lymnus, Limnaea, Limnaeus, Limneus, Limnoeus, Limnoea, Limneus, Limnea - but not Limnaea Poli, 1791 (Bivalvia) which was established for a different group of species. Vitrea riedeliana Paget, 1976 (Gastropoda) is not an incorrect subsequent spelling for Vitrea riedeli Damjanov & Pintér, 1969 because it was explicitely established for a different taxon. This would have been different if the name V. riedeliana had been used for the same species without further comments. I am still uncertain, maybe it is better to define the term "subsequent use" more above, in the sense I have outlined above, in Art. 33.1 "A subsequent spelling of a subsequently used name" - and include the definition there. Because the user firstly has to take the decision, are we dealing with a new name or a subsequent use?, and secondly to distinguish between emendation and incorrect subsequent spelling. The term "subsequent use" should also be defined in the Glossary, but with a reference to Art. 33, the examples should be given here in Art. 33 and not in the Glossary. |
2009-10-20 14:14:47 | ||